Varun The Lord Of Universe |
Lord Varuna happens to be one of the oldest Vedic deities, a personification of the Sky the maker and upholder of heaven and earth and is the king of the universe, king of Gods and men, possessor of illimitable knowledge a supreme by himself to whom special honour is always due. He is often associated with Mitra who is the ruler of the day and Varuna the ruler of the night. But Varunas name frequently occurs alone but that of Mitra is seldom. Later he became the chief of the lower celestial deities and still later was a sort of Neptune a god of the seas and rivers and rides upon Makara a character he still retains. His sign is a fish. However in the Vedas Varuna is not specially connected with water but there are passages that are associated with the element of water both in the atmosphere and on earth. To sum up in the words of the hymns the function and the attributes Lord Varuna is ascribed to the grandest cosmical function and possessed of the illimitable knowledge. This divine being upholds the heaven and earth and dwells in all worlds as sovereign ruler and indeed the three worlds are embraced within him. He made the golden and revolving Sun to shine. The wind which flows through the atmosphere is his breath. He has opened boundless paths for the Sun and hollowed out channels for the rivers which flow by his command. Its his ordinance by which rivers pour out their waters to the ocean but never fill it. It is through his laws by which the moon walks in brightness, and the stars that appear in the night sky vanish mysteriously during day time. No living creature on earth or the rivers in their ceaseless flow can have any idea of his knowledge or his wrath. He knows the flight of the birds in the sky, the paths of the ships on the ocean, the course of the far travelling wind. No creature can even wink without him. He witnesses mens truth and falsehood and has unlimited control over the destinies of mankind. In many places mention is made of nooses with which he punishes those who transgress his laws. Sometimes Mitra and Varuna are conjointly spoken of as being barriers against falsehood. " Manu " also refers to Varuna as one who binds the guilty in fatal chords. His favourite resort is ' Pushpa Giri " or the flower mountain and his city " Vasudha Nagara ". The Vishnu Purana mentions an incident which shows curious coincidence between Varuna and Neptune. At the marriage of sage Richika Varuna supplied a fleet of thousand white horses which the brides father had demanded from him. Varuna is also called Prachetas, Ambu-raja, Jala-pati or Lord of the waters. His son is named " Agasti ". The following is a short version of one of the hyms in Rig - Veda:- The Lord high on our deeds - The Gods know all men does, though they fain their deeds in disguise- Whoever stands hides or moves from place to place- The Gods his movements trace- Wherever two together plot, and deem are alone- Lord Varuna is there and all their schemes are known- This earth is his and to him belong the boundless skies- The seas within him rest and in the small pool he lies- etc. The Vedas declare Lord Varuna of a high moral character than that of any other Gods and therefore men call upon him for pardon and purity. In vedic literature though Varuna is not regarded chiefly as god of the ocean but rather as one of the gods of light even though there are passages which describe him as being connected to water of the atmosphere and the earth that gives some foundations for the concept of his kingdom. In other places he is said to dwell in the waters as Soma does in the woods. There is an instance in the Brahmana of the Rig - Veda of an interesting legend showing that perhaps human sacrifices were at one time offered to Varuna. King Harishchandra being greatly distressed of not having a son to perform his funeral ceremony at the time of his death at the advice of the sage Narada went to Lord Varun and prayed for a child with a vow that the first child would be sacrificed for him. The Lord heard his prayer and a son was granted. When the child grew up his father told him of his vow to which his son did not agree and left his home wandering in the forests for six years and happened to meet a poor Brahman who had three sons to whom the prince proposed to purchase one of them for the sacrifice. After much persuation both the parents agreed to spare the middle one. When it was time for the sacrifice the boy asked permission to recite some texts in praise of gods which was granted. As a result of this the Gods were so pleased that they interceded with Varuna to spare him who granted their request and the boy was spared and Harishchandra recovered from sickness. Varuna is represented as a white man sitting upon a marine monster " Makara ". This animal has the head and front legs that resembles an antelope and body and tail of a fish. In the right hand is a noose. He is occasionally worshiped in the seasons of drought and by fishermen when they cast their nets. There is another legend found in the " Padma Purana ". Ravana was on his way to his abode Ceylon carrying with him a stone linga the emblem of Lord Shiva. He was desirous of setting up the worship of Shiva there. But gods fearing that he would become too powerful through his devotion to the Lord wished to frustrate his purpose. But Shiva in handing over the stone made Ravana promise that when and wherever it first touched the ground after leaving the abode it would remain there. Aware of this gods tried to induce him to let it rest on earth before he reached Ceylon. Varuna agreed to enter his body and in order to free himself he might loose his hold. Accordingly Varuna entered Ravana and caused intense pain which he could hardly bear and right then Indra in the form of an old Brahman was passing nearby offered to take hold of the stone. No sooner Ravana entrusted it to him it fell on the ground. It is said it sank into the earth only the top of it is still visible at Vaidyanath in Birbhum to this day. The river Khursu is believed to have risen from Varuna when he left Ravana at this place.
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